| 120Hz Hum |
Failed power supply filter capacitors or failing selenium rectifier |
Replace all main filter capacitors. Replace selenium rectifier with silicon diode bridge (1N4007 or equivalent). Check filter choke for continuity. |
Main filter capacitors (typically 40-80µF @ 450V), selenium rectifier, small electrolytics on voltage regulator board. |
| No Power / Dead Unit |
Blown fuse, failed power transformer, shorted rectifier |
Check AC fuse first. Test power transformer secondary voltages. Inspect selenium rectifier for shorts. Check for shorted filter capacitors causing fuse to blow. |
AC fuse, selenium rectifier, filter capacitors, power transformer (rare failure). |
| Distortion / Loss of Bass |
Failed coupling capacitors, aged tubes |
Replace all coupling capacitors with high-quality film caps (WIMA, Audyn, or Solen). Test all tubes and replace weak ones. Check cathode bypass capacitors. |
Coupling capacitors (paper-in-oil or wax), cathode bypass electrolytics, vacuum tubes (12AX7, 12AU7). |
| Scratchy Volume/Tone Controls |
Oxidized potentiometer contacts |
Clean potentiometers with DeoxIT contact cleaner. If cleaning doesn't help, potentiometers need replacement. Exercise controls gently after cleaning. |
Volume control potentiometer, tone control potentiometers, balance control. Use quality replacements that match original values and taper. |
| Weak or No FM Reception |
Tuner misalignment, failed IF capacitors, antenna connection |
Check antenna connections first. FM alignment requires RF signal generator and alignment tools. Replace capacitors in IF stages and discriminator circuit. |
IF strip capacitors, discriminator capacitors, FM front-end transistors, tuning string (if broken). |
| FM Tuner Drift |
Aging capacitors in tuner, thermal instability |
Replace capacitors in FM front-end and oscillator circuits. May require complete tuner alignment after capacitor replacement. Clean tuning capacitor contacts. |
Oscillator circuit capacitors, temperature-sensitive mica caps, front-end transistors. |
| Channel Imbalance |
Component value drift, tube aging, failed capacitors |
Test and match tubes between channels. Replace aged resistors showing value drift (typically carbon composition resistors). Replace coupling and bypass capacitors. |
Vacuum tubes (must be matched pair), coupling capacitors, carbon composition resistors (replace with metal film), balance control. |
| Intermittent Audio |
Dirty selector switches, loose tube sockets, cold solder joints |
Clean all rotary switches with contact cleaner. Check tube sockets for tension and cleanliness. Inspect solder joints especially on tube socket pins and large components. Reseat all tubes. |
Input selector switch, function switch, tube sockets, relay contacts (if equipped). |